Sandra Cisneross The House on Mango Street Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Of course, this story comes from the facts garnered from the author s own life memories. These small vignettes are based on the several true stories, stories from author Sandra Cisneros s life living in the Latin ghetto in Chicago. Sandra lived in a family that visit [ed] her father's family [often]. Since new living quarters had to be found after each trip to Mexico, †¨Cisneros childhood was spent in a variety of run-down Hispanic †¨neighborhoods until 1966 when her parents purchased a small, two-story bungalow in a Puerto Rican neighborhood on Chicago's north side. 5 This is the story of Sandra Cisneros s life growing up. It is a testament to who she is as a person having grown up in such dire circumstances. The House on Mango Street is a book about growing up, what critics call a bildungsroman. This genre is cultivated commonly in the United States †¨by emerging writers especially within literatures emerging around the periphery of a dominant †¨society. It [has] a first-person narration that becomes the †¨basis for the expression of subjectivity. Sandra encourages other women writers, through her writing, that they should not give up. We will write a custom essay sample on Sandra Cisneross The House on Mango Street or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page For the first time Esperanza shares her dream with another person. Guadalupe responds, You just remember to keep writing, Esperanza. You must keep writing. It will keep you free, and I said, yes, but at that time I didn't know what she meant. Esperanza and Minerva, whose husband beats her, also share their writing.

Eugenics And The History Of Medical Ethics - 1490 Words

â€Å"It is impossible to understand the history of eugenics and its enduring legacies in California outside the framework of Chicana/o history†. Sterilization practices in Puerto Rico and California, pre- and post- legal eugenics can be examined through the context of eugenics and the history of medical ethics. â€Å"Although steady or increasing rates of sterilization in some cases reflected women’s demands for birth control, the lines between voluntary and coerced were often quite blurred† and a case can be made that negative eugenics were being implemented on a societal level in both countries.1 It is impossible to talk about eugenics in the United States and Puerto Rico without some context of the history. With the troubled history of†¦show more content†¦Years and much unethical conduct in the United States later the Belmont Report established ethical guidelines for treating patients in 1979. The main three principals are respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. These categories include things like informed consent, weighing risk to benefit, and fairness. It also established rules behind informed consent such as all information must be available and comprehensible to the patient and coercion never being acceptable. This and Principles of Biomedical Ethics by Beauchamp and Childress, which came out in the same year, marked a major turning point in the laws regarding ethical medical practices in the United States. However, the underlying principle of medical ethics had been around since 1780 or so when Hippocrates directed physicians â€Å"to help and do no harm†. Puerto Rican birth control regulation gained official support in 1937 when the reason for the sterilizations moved to being about health reasons instead of economic reasons. However, poor health is often caused by poverty so these are really one and the same. This movement was also an attempt by the government to keep the â€Å"surplus population† low. Post-partum sterilization was encouraged but birth control clinics also became increasingly common. Studies were conducted that showed a â€Å"demand† for permanent sterilization after which the US government openly supported Puerto Rico’s efforts. However much of this

true love is not true - 3697 Words

Hi, there. Well, I happened to write an article on LOVE for my publication book. Love What is love? Love is not what you assume it is. That s why so many marriages end in divorce. People get a hormonal rush when they re around a person and think they re in love, and believe that person is the one. Not even close. True love creeps up on you over a long period of time. It s NOT that powerful feeling of I must have this person. Instead, it s a slow build-up. When you truly love someone you don t have to ask yourself if it s love. You re not even ASKING yourself. After having this person in your life for quite some time, one day you wake up and automatically know. It s not an emotional rush of feeling type of†¦show more content†¦It’s how we treat another and act towards him or her that shows whether we actually really truly Love and value the person or not. From â€Å"The Art of Loving,† by Erich Fromm— If two people who have been strangers—as all of us are—suddenly let the wall between them break down, and feel close, feel one, this moment of oneness is one of the most exhilarating, most exciting experiences in life. It is all the more wonderful and miraculous for person who have been shut off, isolated, without love. This miracle of sudden intimacy is often facilitated if it is combined with, or initiated by, sexual attraction and consummation. However, this type of love is by its very nature not lasting. As the two persons become better acquainted and more familiar to each other, their intimacy loses more and more its miraculous character, until their antagonism, their disappointments, their mutual boredom kill whatever is left of the initial excitement. Yet, in the beginning they do not know all this: in fact, they take the intensity of the infatuation, this being ‘crazy’ about each other, for proof of the intensity of their love, while it may only pro ve the degree of their preceding loneliness. This experience of sudden intimacy is by its very nature very short-lived. After the stranger has become anShow MoreRelatedTrue Love1129 Words   |  5 PagesThe Wonders of Love What is it about love that makes people search endlessly for it? We are all capable of love, yet more often than not, we seem to have trouble finding it. Often, once weve found it, we have a hard time holding on to it. Why is that? I believe its because people dont know what true love is all about. They think its all about the feelingsÂ… the butterflies in your stomach, the passion, the anguish of waiting to see that person again. And dont get me wrong, these are allRead MoreTrue Love1188 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ True Love From a simple mixture of sexual attraction and attachment to a manifestation of the human soul, feelings of fierce romantic desire boast no shortage of theories explaining their origin and meaning. Love is as much a mystery as it is familiar, highlighting a lack of insight into the human psyche. As man attempts to unravel the endless enigmas behind this apparently paradoxical emotion, more and more questions seem to arise. What is love s true purpose? Why does it begin? How areRead MoreTrue Love2046 Words   |  9 PagesExplication: â€Å"True Love† by Wislawa Szymborska This paper is an essay is an analysis of Wislawa Szymborska’s poem â€Å"True Love.† When I first read the poem, I was struck by its sheer simplicity and passion at what Szymborska feels that it means for two people to be in love. However; upon further contemplation, I see how she uses the lovers to represent change in an otherwise boring and regimented world where all actions must be taken for the betterment and advancement of the state. â€Å"True Love† is aRead MoreIs Love A True Love?1880 Words   |  8 PagesLove is something that most people want to find at some point in their lives. If you ask someone what they want to accomplish in life, they might say common answers like career or family. A lot of people would reply to the question by saying they want to find a person who loves them. Love is having a physical and emotional connection with someone else and can be vital to someone feeling important and building self-esteem. A culture can be defined as norms of the human society that is passed fromRead MoreThe Importance Of True Love1310 Words   |  6 Pagesoffer, but arguably the most precious and beautiful thing is the ability to love. Love comes in many shapes and forms, but finding true love will give you more joy and happiness in life. True love happens organically, but can never be forced. Although there are people who try their best to seek true love and never really succeed. According to a blog, â€Å"Why is true love so hard to find?† by Kelly Benamati most people search for love in all the wrong places, thinking if they search and search they will forRead MoreTrue Love Prevails823 Words   |  4 PagesTRUE LOVE PREVAILS True Love Prevails Wendy Cook Rowan Cabarrus Community College Abstract The Lady or The Tiger is a beautiful little story that leaves the reader hanging at its end. This is a paper arguing the possible outcome of the story. No one can ever doubt the power of true love. Even when faced with the darkest of decisions, when love is present, it always wins one way or another.Read MoreWhat is True Love?612 Words   |  2 PagesLove; the feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection(Dictionary). Love is indeed a magical force of attraction that takes time to develop and requires much more than just a strong attraction. Knowing this, love at first sight is simply not possible, and this can be proven by a variety of reasons. For one the demands of a human go beyond the matter of appearance. More importantly it is important to know that the power behind true love takes time to form and is impossible to form withinRead MoreTrue Love Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagesonly day I had been feeling this, but since everyday I could remember; however, this particular day it was more prevalent than ever before. I was interrupted by my best friend, Thank you so much for bringing us to this restaurant, I love the food. Its okay I replied. Out of the corner of my eye I saw a distinct character approaching me. I was shocked, as this particular person was unable to attend. I smiled, and looked at Alexis, he sat down next to me andRead MoreWhat Is True Love?1377 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is True Love? Looking at the world today, it can be hard to recognize love. There is anger all over the world ranging from the government to terrorists. America’s news feed is filled with events of hate and devastation. CNN’s top stories include events of bombing and shootings on top of many different acts of hate. A most recent incident on CNN’s top stories list, is the Ohio nightclub shooting that took place on March 26th, killing one (Croft et. al). These reported incidents make it difficultRead MoreFinding True Love1499 Words   |  6 PagesLove; how much is hiding in these four letters, people all over the world love each other. Love is a great power which makes life so important. I think that without love, people can not live in this world. Some people have already met love. When I was growing up, I was always told that there is someone in this beautiful world for everyone, and I never seemed to believe it. I had been heart crushed by a guy I thought I loved, so ever s ince then, I thought true love could not be real. I always dreamed

The Global Population Is Ageing At An Alarming Rate

The global population is ageing at an alarming rate, with over eight precent of the world’s population over 65 and this number is expected to double by the year 2030 (International Federation for Social Workers, 2012). For Huffnung et. al. (2010), late adulthood encompasses the years following 65 and is characterised by a period of substantial decline in functioning including physical, psychological and social. Whilst dementia is not an inevitable part of the ageing process, it has however due to the ageing population become more prevalent within society, especially within remote aboriginal communities (Brodaty Cumming 2010 cited in Jones Creedy 2012, p.44). Dementia does not refer to a single disease rather, a group of symptoms specifically retaining to the cognitive impairment of individual which later progresses to effect both physical and the social function of sufferers. Developed by Engel (1977), the biopyschosocial model can be used to examine the progression of this disease during late adulthood. Thus, late adulthood is seen as a period of significant change with individual facing unique challenges in regards to development. Dementia is an emerging global health problem, with the prevalence of this disease estimated to sit at twenty five million people as of 2003 (Arkles et al., 2014, p.6). However, due to the ageing population these figures are expected to double every twenty years and is estimated that by the year 2040 that eighty one million people will beShow MoreRelatedGlobal Climate Change985 Words   |  4 Pageswith it. Despite of the alarming situation, the mankind has a unique way of adapting itself with any situation. This mega trend will explore how the companies or the government will take help of the remaining resources and produce some new ways providing the same lifestyle. Issues: According to global demographic models, by the year 2043 there will be 9 billion people (UNESA, 2012) and that will place a pressure on limited resources. Because of the growing economic growth rate, there will be increasingRead MoreThe Expectancy Of The Global Population Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pages The average life expectancy of the global population in year 2015 is projected to be 71.4 years. According to the global health observatory data 2015, published by the WHO an increase of 5 years in life expectancy has been observed between 2000 and 2015. This is by far the fastest increase since the 1960s. We owe the increase in life expectancy to the advance in the field of medicine, raised global health awareness and the joint efforts of local, national and international bodies around the worldRead MoreDisease Trends and the Delivery of Health Care Services Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the growth of the aging population, chronic disease and the epidemic of obesity, and how will the United States healthcare system prepared for this continuing epidemic. The fact that the aging population along with obesity epidemic is a global healthcare concern, many health cares’ professional is baffled about how to address the growing epidemic that many American’s will fac e. . According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2003) the population aged greater than 65 yearsRead MoreEconomic Analysis On China s Economy1485 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom the global economy. Then everything changed after 1979 when the foreign trade investment and free market reform was implemented. Not long after it was implement China’s become the world s fastest growing economy and now the largest economy in the world surpassing even United States. Today, China is focusing on a more sustainable growth pattern and implementing changes to industry and economic structure. II. Population: A. Population Pyramid In 1979, in order to control the alarming increaseRead MoreThe Aging Of Population Aging1553 Words   |  7 PagesAging of population (also known as demographic aging) is a summary term for shifts in the age structure of a population making them looking of elder aged person . A direct consequence of the on going global fertility rate decline as well as make the society less working and aging causes lot of health issues too , population aging is expected to be among the most prominent in whole world . Population aging is progressing rapidly in many developing countries as well as developed nations tooRead MoreChile, Indonesia, And Turkey2202 Words   |  9 Pagesfeatures which these countries share are a fairly large population, which is considered to be young and growing and in addition a prime geographic location to capitalise upon nearby global markets. These features are distinctive against the developed markets and certain BRIC economies which are considered to have an a geing population which is drawing away from their growth potential. According to GDP figures, based on PPP valuation, the growth rates for the MINT economies across 2013 and 2014 have averagedRead MoreAging Population - Consequences on Consumer Goods Industry2995 Words   |  12 Pages1 Introduction Longevity and falling birth rates will bring new challenges and opportunities for societies and companies all over the world. While the lifespan will rise and the share of older age cohort will increase, societies and companies must take actions to prepare for these changes to be able to survive with the increasing liabilities caused by older employees. Companies must also scrutinize their marketing strategies, so that they will be ready for the new powerful consumer generationRead MoreEssay on Reiss Three Year Marketing Plan4683 Words   |  19 Pages†¢ International expansion †¢ Domestic market growth †¢ Product development †¢ Brand awareness †¢ Organization flexibility 2. SITUATION ANALYSIS 2. 1 MACRO ENVIRONMENT †¢ ECONOMIC o In order to tackle interest rates, The Bank of England has increased interest rates to 5.25%, which will subsequently decrease consumer expenditure. o The recent rise of inflation to 3% has made it more expensive and left less disposable income for consumers. o The key Consumer Price Index to a decadeRead MoreAffordable Housing For Elderly Or Disabled Persons Essay2974 Words   |  12 Pageswith low income status (Government Assisted Housing, 2010.) Nothing has outrageous consequences with respect to peoples’ average health, lifestyle and access to prevailing opportunities than a decent and an affordable housing. Yet still, these alarming consequences are never fully grasped by both policy makers and the contemporary government. With efforts geared towards informing the public debate about assisted housing policy for the elderly and disabled as well as strengthening the results ofRead MoreThe Challenges and Opportunities for Healthcare Services in the Future2627 Words   |  11 Pagesin overweight and obese populations. This new phenomenon will pose economical and societal challenges for healthcare providers both now and for years to come. [3] Health services will be faced with greater numbers of overweight and obese patients presenting with conditions including, but not limited to, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, sleep apnoea and osteoarthritis. [4] The incidence of diabetes in China was estimated to be less than 1% of the overall population in the 1980s; however statistics

Analysis Of Shirley Jackson s Flower Garden - 1511 Words

Known for her psychological thrillers, Shirley Jackson has always been able to get into the mind of the reader and force them to think of the deeper meaning behind her stories. However, it is always brought to question if her best selling works were a result of her poor mental health. Growing up, Jackson had always felt like an outsider; dealing with a cruel mother and other children her age only fueled her isolation later in life. As a way to record her feelings and thoughts, Jackson began writing stories and including herself in ways through the characters. While Shirley Jackson’s earlier stories are often about people being oppressed and persecuted by closed-minded communities, in her later work she focussed increasingly on the â€Å"demon†¦show more content†¦She used her writing as a way to accuse real neighborhoods of this persecution and prejudice that was happening within their communities. Those outside factors led to the downfall of her characters opposed t o other works where her character’s downfall was themselves. Another work that accounts for this change is â€Å"The Lottery†, one of her most famous pieces. â€Å"The Lottery† is an early and extremely famous controversial work of Shirley Jackson’s. This book once again deals with problems within a community. Every year, the townspeople pull little slips of paper in a box and each family living in the town draws out a slip. The family that draws the slip marked with a black dot joins the orchestrator of the lottery on stage. Then each member of the family draws again and the one who picks the one with the black dot this time is stoned to death. All of the villagers contribute to the stoning, even the children and family members of whom is being killed. The townspeople judge and persecute members of their society willingly without another thought about it. Shirley Jackson used this short story to help the readers understand the oppression and persecution of others at the time. While Shirley Jackson’s mental health w as never quite normal, she was able to focus more on current events going on in the outside world much more than later in her life. Contrary to her earlier works, â€Å"The Daemon Lover†, one of Jackson’s later worksShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesfollowing classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Most Relevant Cases Marketing Research and Consumer Analysis Coca-Cola, Disney, McDonald’s, Google, Starbucks Product Starbucks, Nike, Coke/Pepsi, McDonald’s, Maytag, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Newell Rubbermaid, DaimlerChrysler, Kmart/Sears, Harley-Davidson, Boeing/Airbus, Merck, Boston Beer, Firestone/FordRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesRichard Gould, Kenneth King, Marjorie Lee, Elizabeth Perry, Heidi Wackerli, Perry Weddle, Tiffany Whetstone, and the following reviewers: David Adams, California State Polytechnic University; Stanley Baronett, Jr., University of Nevada-Las Vegas; Shirley J. Bell, University of Arkansas at Monticello; Phyllis Berger, Diablo Valley College; Kevin Galvin, East Los Angeles College; Jacquelyn Ann Kegley, California State University-Bakersfield; Darryl Mehring, University of Colorado at Denver; Dean

True Romance (663 words) Essay Example For Students

True Romance (663 words) Essay True RomanceOnce again, Quentin Tarantino outdoes himself. The movie True Romance was excellent. It presented real issues that some people are forced to deal with in their lives. The title of the movie is misleading. You would think this was going to be a love tory. Actually it is, but unlike any love story Ive ever seen. Its filled with violence, action, blood, guts and gore. Like most other Tarantino movies it revolves around the violence we rarely see or experience in our lives. He also incorporates rugs and racism, hate and love and his usual corny way of portraying them. In Tarantino films, violence is presented in a totally different approach than movies like Rambo or Die Hard. Although you have the same amount of people dying, Tarantino seems to have this perverted and gruesome way of presenting it to his audiences. He always takes violence to the extreme. In the scene with the pimp he doesnt just shoot the pimp in the back or chest. He goes right for the gustohis balls !!!! (OUCH) Another example of this is when Dennis Hopper was killed. We all knew what h pened to him, but Tarantino makes sure he shows us the oozing bullet wound to his head. Some people think this is taking violence too far; however, acts of this nature happen in the real world every day. I guess this is his way of giving us a reality heck. Shit like this happens to people. We are so sheltered in our comfortable little worlds we dont even realize this kind of stuff goes on. Variety. Isnt it supposed to be the spice of life? Well, Tarantino gets so damn spicy it can make yo sweat bullets. What is it about violence that is so attractive to the general public? There are so many people who would rather see a violent movie than a movie filled with romance or adventure. If you were to compare the revenues from box office earnings Im almos positive the movies filled with blood and guts earn much more than other movies. (Disney is the only exception I can think of off the top of my head !!!) Naturally, if a person in the movie industry knows this will make them mega bucks , they will con nue to make movies like this to make more money. Tarantino tends to slide in a little racism in his flicks. Its pretty obvious its not the main topic, but it is apparent. Hopper was unique when he told the Sicilian guy his great, great, great, great grandmother had slept with a nigger and thats y he had dark skin and brown eyes. I think Hopper knew he was a goner and wanted to insult the hell out of the guy before he died !!!!! He was so casual about the whole thing. He just sat back smoking the dudes cigarette and blasting his family. There are so many people who say this kind of movie affects people in a negative way. They think it has an impact on criminal behavior. Thats bullshit. I have seen violence in movies and on television and I havent had the smallest inkling to go ou and kill anyone or anything. I believe if a person has it in them to commit these kinds of acts they will do it regardless of what they see on T.V. or in the movies. Their moral upbringing or lack of one would be a bigger contributing factor than vie ng a movie. Movies are made to entertain. The social issues they touch on are just that, issues. The controversy they create comes solely from the opinions of the viewers. Isnt that half the fun of watching a controversial movie? It gives our minds food for t ught. It affords us the opportunity to discuss what we have seen with our friends. We can learn from listening to how other people perceive things. THAT is what makes a movie great !!!!

Woolworths and Wesfarmers in Retail Business Field

Question: Discuss about the Woolworths and Wesfarmers in Retail Business Field. Answer: Introduction: Due to weak economic growth opportunity and rapidly changing flexible consumer sentiment in the consumer goods retail subdivision market of Australia, most of the retail organizations are struggled with unstable financial market condition (Lucas et al. 2013). The higher rate of the household saving ratios indicates that consumers are more cautious with their spending. Furthermore, increasing number of consumer goods retailers in Australia are also raised relative competitiveness among companies. In this condition, retailers like Woolworths and Wesfarmers have placed their business in the densely populated areas across Australia. With the proud association with 445,000 shareholders, Woolworths Group serves over twenty nine million customers by ensuring maximize brand accessibility on weekly basis. On the other hand, Wesfarmers is continuously delivering satisfactory returns to shareholders by the diversified business portfolio. However, the Coles division is extensively working as the national full service supermarket retailers and this retail segment of Wesfarmers is currently operating more than 770 supermarkets. In this way, Wesfarmers holds relative competitive position with Woolworths in the retail industry of Australia. In this report, both the companys quantitative performance elements have been discussed. This report has used the financial figures of both companies by extracting details from the annual report 2016. Both the companies are followed direct method for the ascertainment of the statement of cash flow as recorded in the financial reports. Generally, the direct method uses major classes of cash receipts from customers at the starting point of the statement of cash flow. In the operating section of the cash flow, the company followed the direct method, needs to note different sources of cash receipt along with the details of disbursements which are incurred in a particular financial year. During the disclosure of the cash and cash equivalents, Wesfarmers has made perfect reconciliation under following the indirect method. In this notes, all the non-cash transactions are adjusted with the net profit after tax. Items like depreciation, amortization of intangible assets preliminary expenses and debenture discounts and many others non-cash items are incorporated in the notes to the accounts (Wesfarmers.com.au 2017). Moreover, the changes in working capital are also clearly disclosed in the reconciliation part. Thus it is evident that all the non-cash items and changes in working capital are appropriately reconciled with the figure of the new profit after tax. Interestingly, the outcome of the net cash flows from operational activities is same which has been derived in the statement of cash flow in the financial report of 2016. On the other hand, Woolworths has also considered the non-cash items while ascertaining figure of the operating activities from the profit after income tax expense (Woolworthsgroup.com.au 2017). Maintaining a clear disclosure about the changes in working capital, the details of cash and cash equivalents are also appropriately recorded under the section of notes to the account. In the statement of cash flow, three sections of cash and cash equivalents activities are ascertained and evaluated. Under the cash coming from operating activities, the company listed down cash inflows and outflows incurred from the business activities of selling and buying merchandise, providing services and many others. Wesfarmers has also disclosed the operating activities for the year ended 30th June 2016. Here the operating activities like net receipt from customers and cash payments from different sources under the use of direct method has been mentioned in their cash flow. After the careful observation, it has been observed that Wesfarmers has increased cash collection from their corresponding customers relative to the figure of 2015. It indicates that the company has successfully diversified the portfolio of the business activities in the present reporting year. Furthermore, it is indeed not positive that the net figure of the payments to suppliers and employees are also inc reased in 2016 compare to 2015. It has been occurred due to the continuous business expansion and an expended diversified portfolio of Wesfarmers (Wesfarmers.com.au 2017) In the second part, the net cash flow in activities of the investment is also included in the statement of cash flow. In the year of 2016, Wesfarmers has less involved in the investment activities compare to the previous one. Evidence clearly indicates that property, equipments, plant and intangibles have less invested in the current year. Lastly, the cash associated with the financial activities of the company also indicates that Wesfarmers has been repaid majority of the loans or borrowings. The cash detail provided in the note section clearly disclosed that the total capital expenditure has also been reduced compare to the previous year (Wesfarmers.com.au.2017). It means that Wesfarmers has maintained a moderately stable financial condition within their diverse portfolio of the business. It is indeed positive fa ct that Wesfarmers is currently holding a strong financial position recognizing all non cash and cash transaction while developing the statement of cash flow. However, the company has not secured the same cash equivalents position at the end of the financial year which was maintained earlier in the year. In short, this cash flow statement clearly indicates that majority of the cash inflows are coming from operating activities which indicates that the operational excellence of the company throughout the year. On the other hand, less operating activities have been observed in the cash flow statement of Woolworths compare to the prior year. Unfortunately, the company has not received any further cash against the sales in 2016. In spite of investment made by the company for further business establishment, the average operating gain has not been realized within the reporting date. Lastly, Woolworths has used less cash and cash equivalents for their financial activities. Under the financial activities, the net dividend payment towards the non-controllable interest has been increased compare to the figure of 2015. Equity shares have not been issued further. On the contrary, it has been observed the management of Woolworths have shown their more interest to repay the loan and dividend to their shareholders to achieve shareholders confidence for the companys retail operation. Items under the operating cash flow of Wesfarmers have slightly been reduced to $3365 in 2016. By this figure it indicates that the company has made higher working capital investment by lowering operating cash flows across the portfolio of retailers. These initiatives have made to improve the availability of stock in Home-bases business of the company along with providing support their comprehensive sales growth as well. Interestingly, the company has successfully realized costs by 99.7 percent at the end of the fiscal year. Considering the financial perspectives, the dividend policy of Wesfarmers ensured the dividend growth and simultaneously cash flows and franking credits availability. Therefore, a sufficient level of cash flow has been observed by analyzing the details of cash flow of Wesfarmers. In the case of the Woolworths, the cash flow from investing activities have been reduced which indicates that cash outflow for payments of fixed assets has been incurred throughout the financial year. The net cash provided from the operating activities have also been decreased compare to 2015. Despite the receipt amount from customer have remain same along with payment to suppliers and employees, no operational growth has been observed in term of the retail selling units or overall cost accumulation as in the case of the operational activities. For this reason, cash inflow coming from the operating activities before tax and interest, has been decreased $1215.8 million to $3495.3 million. The management of Wesfarmers opined these fact that lower trading performance and the impact of timing of payment to creditors relative to the reporting date. The annual report 2016 clearly disclosed that Woolworths has been realized total significant items of $4013.7 million before the accumulation of tax which unfortunately, did not have a material impact on inflows of the cash from operating activities before tax and interest. However, lower cash outflow in terms of decreased interest paid of $289.3 million annually implies that the companys lower average net debt funded by proceeds received from the source of the selling property assets. Furthermore, the company has made less tax due to lower trading outcomes in the fiscal year 2016. Moreover, the companys involvement related to the investment activities was $1266.7 million which has been decreased of $67.2 million on the previous year. On the other hand, the payment for the business acquisition has been decreased in 2016 which indicates that the company has been less involved or engaged in the investment activities. The amount of $473.3 million has been realized as the expenditure on property development which was the reduced figure of $122.4 million caused by lower activity in the current period. However, a significant amount of investment on PPE has been made by the management of Woolworths with the amount of $1465 million for the expansion of the new retail stores and its renovations, IT asset initiatives and supply chain related expenses. Both the companys information about cash can be analyzed with the help of financial ratios. The capital adequacy ratio uses to protect depositors and encourages the financial system. Wesfarmers has lower cash adequacy ratio compare to Woolworths indicates high sensitiveness which ensured that banks have enough exposure to absorb a considerable amount of losses before the company become insolvent. On the other hand, Woolworths has better debt coverage ratio compare to Wesfarmers which indicates that the company has better ability to generate enough income in its operational activities to cover the debt or expenses. The financial ratio also indicates that Woolworths has better liquid position compare to Wesfarmers. After examining both the companys cash flow, it can be observed that the condition of the cash inflow of Wesfarmers has been better compare to Woolworths as per the financial report provided in 2016. Contrasting on the above, results of the financial ratio indicate Woolworths financial stability over Wesfarmers. Woolworths has the better position to cover short term credit risk because they have stable debt coverage ratio which indicates that the company has the ability to cover credit against the least cash utilization. Both the companies have adequate resources. However, Woolworths has the better liquid positive compare to Wesfarmers which indicates the company has sufficient liquid cash to cover the short term obligations. Currently Woolworths has more potentiality to gain profit in the long run due to stable liquid and solvency condition of the company over Wesfarmers. As per the results of the financial ratio, Woolworths has more ability to turn sales into cash over Wesfarmers. Thus, the company is in better position at generating cash from their sales. References: Babalola, Y. A., Abiola, F. R. (2013). Financial Ratio Analysis of Firms: A Tool for Decision Making.International journal of management sciences,1(4), 132-137. Brunnermeier, M. K., Sannikov, Y. (2014). Monetary analysis: price and financial stability.Navigating Monetary Policy in the New Normal 8, 61. Jayaram, K., Tissot, B. (2016). Combining micro and macro data for financial stability analysis-Overview.IFC Bulletins chapters,41. Lucas, T., Cunningham, R., Lamberton, G. (2013). Small business engagement with sustainability in regional Australia. Wesfarmers.com.au. (2017). Retrieved 5 January 2017, from https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/docs/default-source/reports/2016-annual-report.pdf?sfvrsn=8 Woolworthsgroup.com.au. (2017).Retrieved 5 January 2017, from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/icms_docs/185865_annual-report-2016.pdf Xu, W., Xiao, Z., Dang, X., Yang, D., Yang, X. (2014). Financial ratio selection for business failure prediction using soft set theory.Knowledge-Based Systems,63, 59-67.